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(Redirected from Audio tape length and thickness)
Since the widespread adoption of reel-to-reel audio tape recording in the 1950s, audio tapes and tape cassettes have been available in many formats. All tape thicknesses here refer to the total tape thickness unless otherwise specified, including the base, the oxide coating and any back coating. In the USA, tape thickness is often expressed as the thickness of the base alone. However, this varies from manufacturer to manufacturer and also between tape formulations from the same manufacturer. Outside of the USA, the overall thickness is more often quoted, and is the more relevant measurement when relating the thickness to the length that can be fitted onto a reel or into a cassette.
Contents
1 Reel to reel ?"
1.1 Long play, double play, triple play
1.2 Reel size compatibility
2 Studio tape formats
3 Compact audio cassettes
4 Microcassettes
5 Tape speeds
6 See also
7 External links
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Reel to reel ?"
A seven inch reel of ?" tape
The tape decks of the 1950s were mainly designed to use tape ?" wide and to accept one of two reel formats:
Ten and a half inch reels, almost always with metal flanges, which fitted over a hub three inches in diameter. These reels and hubs were similar to those used for wider tape formats such as ?", 1" and 2" tape widths, and were principally used for professional and studio applications. The reels were known as NAB reels and the hubs on which they were mounted as NAB hubs.
Reels of up to seven inches in diameter, most commonly with plastic flanges but metal was also used, which fitted over a splined ?" shaft known as a cine spindle. These reels dominated domestic applications. The most common sizes were seven, five and three inches in diameter.
In each case the shaft or hub had three splines. In machines designed to allow for vertical mounting, the upper part of the shaft or hub could commonly be rotated by 60 so the upper splines locked the reel in place. Some tape decks could accommodate either format by using removable hubs for the larger reel size. When in use these hubs were locked onto the cine spindles by the same mechanism used to secure the smaller reels.
Reel capacity is affected by both the reel diameter and the reel hub diameter. The standard ten and a half inch reel has approximately twice the capacity of the seven inch reel, which in turn has twice the capacity of the five inch. Some (not all) reels described as three inches are in fact three and a quarter inches in diameter, in order to have half the capacity of a five inch reel.
Long play, double play, triple play
The first commonly available increase in tape length resulted from a reduction in thickness to 35 ?m, which allowed 3600', 1800' and 900' tapes to fit on ten and a half, seven and five inch reels respectively. These were known as long play tapes.
Confusingly, for a short time some equipment manufacturers also referred to 3? ips tape speed as long play, but this usage did not persist.
A further reduction to 25 ?m resulted in double play tapes of 2400' on a seven inch reel. This and thinner tapes were not commonly used on ten and a half inch reels, as the tape was too fragile for the angular momentum of the larger reels, particularly when rewinding.
Even thinner tapes fitting 3600' on a seven inch reel and 1800' on a five inch reel were known as triple play tapes. Triple play tape was too fragile for many tape decks to safely rewind even on a full seven inch reel, and was more commonly used on five inch and smaller reels. However 3600' tapes on seven inch reels were commercially available for those who wanted them.
Professional or studio quality ?" width tapes thinner than long play were not commercially available in either reel format. However some specialised applications, such as call logging, used ten and a half or larger reels of double play or thinner tape for extended recording times. These machines were extremely restricted in the reel sizes for which they were designed, and often had no rewind or fast forward facility at all, or even playback. These functions were instead performed on a dedicated machine in the event of playback being required.
In the days that long-distance telephone calls were expensive and often very low quality, three inch or smaller reels of triple play or even thinner tape were used for sending long recorded messages by post, most often using 17?8 ips tape speed. These were known as message tapes.
Reel size compatibility
Although smaller reels could be easily mounted on any machine designed for seven inch reels, in practice there were three limitations on using varying sizes of reel:
Stability in rewind and fast forward modes was often optimized for a particular reel size to allow faster winding speeds. Some machines...(and so on)
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